Cov neeg tua hluav taws siv aqueous Film-forming ua npuas ncauj (AFFF) los pab tua hluav taws nyuaj, tshwj xeeb yog hluav taws uas muaj roj av lossis lwm yam kua hluav taws xob, hu ua Class B hluav taws. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub foob pob hluav taws raug cais raws li AFFF.

Qee cov AFFF formulations muaj ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hu uaPerfluorochemicals (PFCs)thiab qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov muaj peev xwm raukev kis kab mob hauv avqhov chaw los ntawm kev siv AFFF cov neeg sawv cev uas muaj PFCs.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2000, lub3M Companyhais tias nws yuav tsis tsim PFOS (perfluorooctanesulphonate)-raws li flurosurfactants siv cov txheej txheem electrochemical fluorination. Ua ntej no, feem ntau PFCs siv hauv kev tua hluav taws yog PFOS thiab nws cov derivatives.

AFFF tua hluav taws sai sai, tab sis lawv muaj PFAS, uas sawv cev rau per- thiab polyfluoroalkyl tshuaj. Qee qhov PFAS muaj kuab paug tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov phom tua hluav taws. (Photo / Joint Base San Antonio)

IB QHOV TSEEB

Xav txog qhov 'tshiab ib txwm' rau cov khoom siv hluav taws kub

Cov kab mob lom ntawm 'tsis paub ua npuas ncauj' ze Detroit yog PFAS - tab sis los ntawm qhov twg?

Hluav taws kub ua npuas ncauj siv rau kev cob qhia hauv Conn. tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav, ib puag ncig txaus ntshai

Ob peb xyoos dhau los, kev lag luam tua hluav taws ua npuas ncauj tau txav deb ntawm PFOS thiab nws cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tsim cai lij choj. Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tau tsim thiab coj mus rau kev lag luam tua hluav taws ua npuas ncauj uas tsis siv fluorochemicals, uas yog, uas tsis muaj fluorine.

Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov foams tsis muaj fluorine hais tias cov foams no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau ib puag ncig thiab ua tau raws li kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb rau kev tua hluav taws thiab cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig txog kev tua hluav taws ua npuas ncauj thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev kawm txuas ntxiv mus.

Kev txhawj xeeb dhau AFFF siv?

Cov kev txhawj xeeb nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj ua npuas dej (kev sib xyaw ntawm dej thiab ua npuas ncauj concentrate). Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog toxicity, biodegradability, persistence, kev kho mob hauv cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov av. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb thaum ua npuas dej ncav cuagnatural los yog domestic dej systems.

Thaum PFC-muaj AFFF rov siv dua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, PFCs tuaj yeem txav los ntawm cov npuas dej mus rau hauv av thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv av. Tus nqi ntawm PFCs uas nkag mus rau hauv av yog nyob ntawm hom thiab tus nqi ntawm AFFF siv, qhov twg nws tau siv, hom av thiab lwm yam.

Yog tias cov dej ntiag tug lossis pej xeem nyob ze, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm PFCs los ntawm qhov chaw uas AFFF tau siv. Nov yog saib dab tsi Minnesota Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau tshaj tawm; nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau lub xeevkuaj kom muaj kab mob.

"Nyob rau xyoo 2008-2011, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) tau sim cov av, dej saum npoo av, dej hauv av, thiab sediments ntawm thiab ze 13 AFFF qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xeev. Lawv tau kuaj pom PFCs siab ntawm qee qhov chaw, tab sis feem ntau qhov kev kis kab mob tsis cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw loj lossis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg lossis ib puag ncig. Peb qhov chaw - Duluth Air National Guard Base, Bemidji Tshav Dav Hlau, thiab Western Area Fire Training Academy - tau txheeb xyuas qhov twg PFCs tau kis mus deb txaus uas Minnesota Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab MPCA tau txiav txim siab sim cov chaw nyob ze.

"Qhov no yuav tshwm sim ntau dua nyob ze qhov chaw uas PFC-muaj AFFF tau siv ntau zaus, xws li thaj chaw cob qhia hluav taws, tshav dav hlau, refineries, thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv ib zaug ntawm AFFF los tua hluav taws, tshwj tsis yog siv ntau ntawm AFFF. Txawm hais tias qee qhov hluav taws xob tua hluav taws tuaj yeem siv PFC-muaj AFFF, ib zaug siv qhov me me no yuav tsis zoo li ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov dej hauv av. "

FOAM DICHARGES

Kev tso tawm ntawm cov npuas dej / cov kua dej feem ntau yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• Phau ntawv tua hluav taws los yog roj-pam kev ua haujlwm;
• Kev cob qhia kev ua haujlwm uas ua npuas ncauj tau siv hauv qhov xwm txheej;
• Cov khoom siv ua npuas ncauj thiab kev sim tsheb; los yog
• Kho qhov system tso tawm.

Qhov chaw uas ib lossis ntau qhov xwm txheej no feem ntau yuav tshwm sim suav nrog cov chaw dav hlau thiab cov chaw cob qhia tua hluav taws. Cov chaw tshwj xeeb muaj kev phom sij, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob / cov khoom siv phom sij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw khaws cov khib nyiab pov tseg, kuj ua rau cov npe.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj tom qab nws siv rau kev ua haujlwm tua hluav taws. Dhau li ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj nws tus kheej, cov npuas dej muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov roj lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob koom nrog hauv hluav taws. Tam sim no qhov xwm txheej khoom siv phom sij tau tawg lawm.

Kev tuav tswj cov tswv yim siv rau cov nchuav uas muaj cov kua dej txaus ntshai yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm thaum muaj xwm txheej thiab tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov no suav nrog kev thaiv cov cua daj cua dub los tiv thaiv cov pa paug / dej tawm los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab lossis ib puag ncig yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas.

Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv xws li damming, diking thiab diverting yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm kom tau cov npuas dej / dej tov rau thaj chaw uas tsim nyog rau kev ntim kom txog thaum nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg cog lus.

Kev cob qhia nrog FOAM

Muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim ua npuas ncauj muaj los ntawm feem ntau cov tuam txhab ua npuas ncauj uas simulate AFFF thaum kev cob qhia nyob, tab sis tsis muaj cov hmoov nplej zoo li PFC. Cov kev cob qhia foams no feem ntau biodegradable thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsawg; lawv kuj tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau qhov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv zos rau kev ua haujlwm.

Qhov tsis muaj flourosurfactants hauv kev cob qhia ua npuas ncauj txhais tau hais tias cov foams muaj qhov txo qis-rov qab ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, qhov kev cob qhia ua npuas ncauj yuav muab qhov pib vapor barrier nyob rau hauv ib tug flammable kua hluav taws uas ua rau tua, tab sis lub pam ua npuas ncauj yuav sai sai tawg.

Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo los ntawm tus kws qhia qhov kev xav vim nws txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev cob qhia ntau dua vim tias koj thiab koj cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis tau tos rau qhov kev cob qhia simulator los ua kom kub hnyiab dua.

Kev cob qhia kev tawm dag zog, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas siv ua npuas ncauj tiag tiag, yuav tsum muaj cov kev cai rau kev sau cov npuas dej. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, cov chaw cob qhia hluav taws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm los sau cov tshuaj ua npuas dej siv hauv kev cob qhia cov xwm txheej kom tso tawm mus rau qhov chaw kho dej khib nyiab.

Ua ntej qhov kev tso tawm no, lub chaw kho dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau ceeb toom thiab tso cai rau lub tuam tsev tua hluav taws rau tus neeg sawv cev tso tawm ntawm tus nqi uas tau teev tseg.

Muaj tseeb cov kev txhim kho hauv induction systems rau Class A ua npuas ncauj (thiab tej zaum tus neeg sawv cev chemistry) yuav nce mus ntxiv raws li nws muaj nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los. Tab sis raws li rau Class B ua npuas ncauj concentrates, tus neeg sawv cev chemistry kev txhim kho kev siv zog zoo li tau khov rau lub sijhawm nrog kev cia siab rau cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm.

Tsuas yog txij li kev qhia txog kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig lub sijhawm xyoo dhau los lossis yog li ntawm AFFFs fluorine-based muaj cov tuam txhab hluav taws kub tua hluav taws tau ua qhov kev sib tw loj. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj fluorine no yog thawj tiam thiab lwm tiam thib ob lossis thib peb.

Lawv yuav txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tus neeg sawv cev chemistry thiab tua hluav taws kev ua tau zoo nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tiav kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau, txhim kho kev kub hnyiab rov qab rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kev nyab xeeb thiab muab ntau xyoo ntxiv ntawm txee lub neej tshaj foams muab los ntawm cov protein.